101 GENERAL BIOLOGY 3 hours

An introduction to the principles of biology for the non-major. Topics may include cell biology, evolution, anatomy and physiology of major organ systems, human biology, heredity and ecology. May not be used for credit in the biology major. GE-J1.

102 HUMAN BIOLOGY – STAGES OF LIFE 3 hours

An introduction to the basic principles related to human life history, from fertilization through death. These will serve as the vehicle for considering how scientific methodology illuminates issues in both the personal and public arenas. Both personal decisions and public policy issues are impacted by our understanding of underlying biological/scientific principles. Topics such as the mechanisms of fertilization, development, homeostatic system integration, systemic physiology of selected systems (e.g. cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, reproductive) and the continued changes associated with aging will be addressed. May not be used for credit in the biology major. GE-J1.

106 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY I 3 hours

An examination of the nature of science and scientific thinking through an introduction to living organisms and their relationship to the environment. Biostatistics, biodiversity, and ecological processes will be covered. Corequisite: BIOL 106L. Fall. GE-J1.

106L PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY I LAB 1 hour

An examination of the nature of science and scientific thinking through an introduction to living organisms and their relationship to the environment. Biostatistics, biodiversity, and ecological processes will be covered. Corequisite: BIOL 106.

108 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY II 3 hours

Integrating principles of biology, stressing the common responses of life to the problems of existence. Major topics include cellular organization of organisms, genetics, evolution, and organismic processes that maintain life. Examples drawn primarily from vertebrates and vascular plants. The associated laboratory (BIOL 108L) involves animal dissection. Corequisite: BIOL 108L. Spring. GE-J1.

108L PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY II LAB 1 hour

Laboratory experience in microscopy, Mendelian genetics, population genetics, and anatomy and physiology of selected animals and plants. Data interpretation and scientific writing (laboratory reports and laboratory notebooks) will be emphasized. Corequisite: BIOL 108.

110 FIELD BIOLOGY 3 hours

Introductory course in biology that exposes students to the wide diversity of life forms on this planet with some coverage of historical geology and basic ecosystems. Topics include identification of flora of the region and the general habitats at the Koinonia Biological Field Station. Laboratory work at the field station will include collecting, observing and identifying common plants and animals. Students will also serve as field guides for local elementary school groups. Fall. Spring.

130 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 3 hours

Basic concepts of ecosystem theory, culture and environment, application of the scientific method in examining global processes and problems, and proposed solutions to environmental problems. GE-J3.

202 FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY 3 hours

An introduction to the basic principles of human anatomy, including a study of regional human structure. Emphasis is on the basic structural organization of the human body, underlying anatomical principles, and the anatomical details appropriate for a health professional. Laboratory work supplements the investigation of each region. Cannot be taken for credit within the biology major. Prerequisite: BIOL 204 and 204L. Spring.

204 FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 3 hours

An introduction to the basic principles of human physiology. Emphasis is on the basic functional mechanisms operating at the cellular, organ and system levels as well as the integrative control process that regulate each system. Cannot be taken for credit within the major following BIOL 420. Fall. GE-J1.

204L FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY LAB 1 hour

Laboratory work supplements the investigation of the systems covered in BIOL 204. Prerequisite: Concurrent or prior enrollment in BIOL 204. Fall.

214 FIELD ECOLOGY 3 hours

A field and laboratory-oriented introduction to ecological principles and environmental issues, including an extended off-campus field trip. GE-J1.

222 INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2 hours

Introduction to the major classes of biological molecules. Structures and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids will be covered in addition to examples of cell structures, enzymes and metabolic pathways. Corequisite: BIOL 222L. Prerequisites: One year of biology and one year of chemistry. Spring.

222L INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LAB 1 hour

Focus is on the isolation and measurement of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Experience in thin layer chromatography, spectrophotometry, electrophoresis and light microscopy. Corequisites: BIOL 222.

225 CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2 hours

Definitions and origin of biodiversity, threats to its maintenance, value of preserving variety, ecological and genetic principles relating to preservation, and practical strategies for preservation. Corequisite: BIOL 225L. Spring, alternate years.

225L CONVERSATION BIOLOGY LAB 1 hour

Data collection and hypothesis testing in conservation biology. Corequisite: BIOL 225.

230 ETHNOBOTANY 3 hours

Use of plants by indigenous peoples for food, construction material, medicines, drugs and other purposes; examples from a variety of world cultures. Conservation and use of biodiversity. Origins of agriculture. Lab work and a field trip included. GE-M1.

234 INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY 3 hours

For students interested in the cellular components of tissues from vertebrate animals. Emphasis is placed on the appearance of primary tissues and the major organ systems. Tissue microanatomy will be examined stressing function as well as structure. Corequisite: BIOL 234L. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L, or consent of instructor.

234L INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY LAB 1 hour

Laboratory experience in the identification and description of the microanatomy of the primary tissues and major organ systems of vertebrates. Corequisite: BIOL 234. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L; or consent of the instructor.

241 VASCULAR PLANT SYSTEMATICS 3 hours

Evolution and classification of ferns, fern allies and seed plants; characteristics of major plant families; plant geography. Corequisite: BIOL 241L. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L, or consent of instructor. Fall, alternate years.

241L VASCULAR PLANT SYSTEMATICS LAB 1 hour

Floristic study of a local natural area, plant identification techniques, and characteristics of important plant families. Corequisite: BIOL 241. Fall, alternate years.

243 INTRODUCTION TO ALGAE, PLANTS AND FUNGI 2 hours

Biology of algae, fungi, bryophytes and vascular plants. Life cycles, ecology, interactions with humans and the evolution of major groups. Corequisite: BIOL 243L. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L, or consent of instructor. Fall, alternate years.

243L INTRODUCTION TO ALGAE, PLANTS AND FUNGI LAB 1 hour

Analysis of classification, morphology, life cycles, and ecology of selected algal, plant and fungal taxa. Corequisite: BIOL 243.

275 PRACTICUM IN BIOLOGY 1-4 hours

Observation of and participation in the activities of a professional in biology or an applied field that makes significant use of biological principles. Examples of appropriate mentors include, but are not limited to, genetic counselors, research scientists and industrial scientists. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisite: Appropriate course work in biology and related fields.

312 MARINE BIOLOGY 3 hours

The ocean as an environment, a survey of marine communities and adaptive strategies of organisms that live there. Emphasis on the biology, ecology and life histories of marine organisms. Prerequisites: BIOL 107 and 109. Spring, alternate years.

313 MICROBIOLOGY 3 hours

Taxonomy, morphology, physiology, and ecology of bacteria and viruses. Relationships between microorganisms and their natural environments and with animal hosts are introduced. Corequisite: BIOL 313L. Prerequisite: BIOL 222, 222L.

313L MICROBIOLOGY LAB 1 hour

Laboratory experiences in isolating, growing, and identifying, bacteria, molds and viruses. Mastery of aseptic techniques is expected. Corequisite: BIOL 313. Prerequisite: BIOL 222, 222L; or consent of instructor.

315 ECOLOGY 3 hours

Relationships of individual organisms to the environment; structure and dynamics of

single-species populations; interactions between and among populations; and the

structure, dynamics and function of biotic communities. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L. Fall, alternate years.

315L ECOLOGY LAB 1 hour

Collection, analysis and presentation of ecological data. Corequisite: BIOL 315.

322 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 3 hours

Fundamental principles of physiology as related to higher plants. Includes vascular

plant structure, water relations, soil and mineral nutrition, metabolism with emphasis

on photosynthesis, growth, regulation and development. Corequisite: BIOL 322L.

Prerequisites: BIOL 222, 222L. Spring, alternate years.

322L PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LAB 1 hour

Laboratory and field study of water relations, photosynthesis, growth and other plant

processes. Corequisite: BIOL 322.

331 INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 3 hours

An introduction to major invertebrate phyla of the animal kingdom. Morphological and taxonomic characteristics, functional and evolutionary relationships, natural history, and ecological relationships and life cycles of representative types will be discussed. Corequisite: BIOL 331L. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L. Fall, alternate years.

331L INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY LAB 1 hour

A survey of major invertebrate phyla with dissections. Some outside collections will be made. A detailed laboratory notebook is required. Corequisite: BIOL 331.

332 DNA SCIENCE 3 hours

A laboratory course that will introduce the student to DNA and how it can be analyzed through restriction digestion, transformation and recombination. Topics will include the isolation of bacterial DNA, the use of restriction nucleases, restriction fragment analysis, recombination of restriction fragments into antibiotic-resistant plasmids and the transfer of antibiotic resistance by transformation. Prerequisite: BIOL 222 and 222L. January.

360 GENETICS 4 hours

Development of the theory of the gene from Mendel to modern times. Inheritance patterns, chromosomal genetics, and storage and readout of genetic information at the molecular level. Prerequisite: BIOL 222 and 222L, or consent of instructor. Fall.

364 COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY 3 hours

An evolutionary and comparative morphological study of the organ systems in the phylum Chordata. Emphasis of the course is on the functional significance of specific vertebrate structural adaptations and their inclusion in the basic vertebrate body plan. The associated laboratory BIOL 364L requires animal dissection. Corequisite: BIOL 364L. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L, or consent of instructor.

364L COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY LAB 1 hour

Laboratory experience in the dissection and identification of the various vertebrate anatomical systems including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, digestive, renal, reproductive and nervous systems. Emphasis will be on the cat as a

representative mammal with frequent references to other vertebrates and chordates. The laboratory requires animal dissection. Corequisite: BIOL 364. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L; or consent of instructor.

365 CELL BIOLOGY 3 hours

Structural and physiological aspects of the cell; its molecular subcellular and cellular

organizations with emphasis on various microscopic and cytological techniques; its function as related to its organization including permeability, metabolism, reproduction, differentiation and certain other specialized functions. Prerequisite: BIOL 222 and 222L. Fall.

375 INTERNSHIP IN BIOLOGY 3-6 hours

Student interns will function as applied professionals in biology or a related field. Internships involve significantly more independence and decision-making responsibility than do practica. May not be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: junior standing or above, appropriate course work in biology and related disciplines.

395 ORIENTATION TO RESEARCH (W) 1 hour

An introduction to searching and interpreting scientific literature, and to posing and developing research questions in the field of biology. Students develop a viable research proposal under the direction of a faculty mentor. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L; ENG 111. Spring.

397 DIRECTED BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 hour

Guided research in biology is carried out under the direction of a faculty mentor. Students will develop research protocols for a student-designed research project. Prerequisite: BIOL 395.

401 EVOLUTION: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 3 hours

Historical development of biological evolution; impact of evolutionary thought on modern culture; current controversies. Prerequisites: ENG 110; junior or senior standing. GE-L.

413 LIMNOLOGY 3 hours

An in-depth examination of the ecological relationships across the biological, chemical, and physical parameters of inland lakes and streams. A watershed approach will be emphasized. Corequisite: BIOL 413L. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L, one college-level chemistry class with laboratory. Fall, alternate years.

413L LIMNOLOGY LAB 1 hour

Laboratories will provide the necessary skills to plan and execute research and interpret data from on-site lake and stream studies. Writing laboratory reports in scientific format and keeping an appropriate laboratory notebook is required. Corequisite: BIOL 413.

422 VERTEBRATE PHYSIOLOGY 3 hours

A survey of organ system function in vertebrates. Emphasis is on mammalian systems, their specific processes, and the nervous and hormonal processes integrating the activity of the various systems. Topics include cellular metabolism, blood, nerve and muscle function, circulation, respiration, digestion, water and electrolyte balance, and the nervous and endocrine systems. Corequisite: BIOL 422L. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L; one year of chemistry. (Exercise Science majors may substitute BIOL 204, 204L and ESS 325 for BIOL 106 and BIOL 106L). Spring.

422L VERTEBRATE PHYSIOLOGY LAB 1 hour

Laboratory experience in the collection, and analysis of physiological variables of

vertebrates. Investigations focus on the responses of most major physiological systems (including integumentary, muscular, circulatory, digestive, renal, respiratory, nervous and sensory systems. Investigations will utilize various vertebrates including humans. Corequisite: BIOL 422. Prerequisites: BIOL 106, 106L, 108, 108L; or consent of instructor.

433 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 3 hours

Interactions between man and the vast numbers of potentially pathogenic organisms

found in nature will be studied. Emphasis is given to the nature of virulence factors and the occurrence of drug resistance in microorganisms and the natural immune systems of the human. Corequisite: BIOL 433L. Prerequisite: BIOL 313, 313L. Spring.

433L INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LAB 1 hour

An introduction to serological reactions and the isolation and identification of bacteria, fungi, and protozoan and helminthic parasites. Corequisite: BIOL 433.

435 BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY 3 hours

An examination of the societal impact and responsibilities of the scientific community. Emphasis will be on the changing public awareness of complex situations associated with rapidly emerging biological technologies. Legal, ethical, economic, political and  scientific issues will be analyzed through discussions, panels and directed essays. Prerequisite: entry in the Honors Program or permission of the Honors Program director.GE-L.

440 APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (W) 3 hours

An in-depth examination of current biotechnology applications and an introduction to

some of ramifications of biotechnological developments. Prerequisite: BIOL 332.

475 SENIOR INTERNSHIP IN BIOLOGY 3 hours

Student interns work in a professional environment as a part of their Senior

Comprehensive Evaluation. Students design the internship with the help of a faculty

member from the Biology Department and a person who serves as the student’s mentor during the internship Only students with senior standing will be permitted to enroll and senior internships may not be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: BIOL 395.

494 SENIOR RESEARCH I 1 hour

Research hypothesis and methods development under the direction of a faculty mentor. Prerequisite: BIOL 395, 397.

496 SENIOR RESEARCH II 1 hour

Preparation and presentation of senior research in biology under the direction of a faculty mentor. Students are required to prepare and present the results of their senior research in both written and oral formats. Prerequisite: BIOL 495.

380 or 480 SPECIAL PROBLEMS 1-4 hours

A student who has demonstrated ability to work independently may propose a course and pursue it with a qualified and willing professor. The department chair and the vice president and dean for academic affairs also must approve. A set of guidelines is available at the Office of the Registrar.

385 or 485 SEMINAR 1-4 hours

An in-depth consideration of a significant scholarly problem or issue. Students pursue a supervised, independent inquiry on an aspect of the topic and exchange results through reports and discussions.